The Bench Grafter's Handbook: Principles & Practice by Brian E. Humphrey (Englis

Description: The Bench Grafter's Handbook by Brian E. Humphrey The book describes major grafting systems, sub-cold, cold, warm, supported warm, hot-pipe, and other grafting strategies. It provides details of health and safety issues; work stations, seat design, lighting levels; recorded output figures for various types of graft; grafting knives and tools; and methods of sharpening by hand and machine. FORMAT Paperback LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Containing 500 full color photographs and illustrations, The Bench Grafters Handbook: Principles and Practice presents exhaustive information on all aspects of bench grafting. It details requirements of more than 200 temperate woody plant genera, covering over 2,000 species and cultivars including important ornamental, temperate fruit, and nut crops. The book explains the principles and practices of bench grafting, new procedures to enhance grafting success, and recommendations for further scientific investigation. Practical issues to aid professionals and the beginner, include detailed accounts, supported by pictures and diagrams, of the main grafting methods, knifesmanship techniques, and methods of training. Provision and design, now and for the future, of suitable structures, grafting facilities, and equipment, to provide ideal controlled environments for grafts, are described.The book describes major grafting systems, sub-cold, cold, warm, supported warm, hot-pipe, and other grafting strategies. It provides details of health and safety issues; work stations, seat design, lighting levels; recorded output figures for various types of graft; grafting knives and tools; and methods of sharpening by hand and machine. Features:Comprehensive description, pictures, and diagrams of how to learn and utilize important grafting methods.Detailed information and scientific principles behind the selection, specification, and choice of the main graft components – the rootstock and scion. Scientific principles and practicalities of providing optimal plant material, equipment, facilities and environmental conditions for graft union development including addressing the problems of graft incompatibility.Discussion of the actual and potential role of bench grafting in woody plant conservation with suggestions for new initiatives. This book is intended for use by nurserymen; those involved in the upkeep of extensive plant collections; conservationists; plant scientists; lecturers in horticulture; horticultural students; and amateurs with an interest in grafting. Author Biography Brian Humphrey commenced work in local nurseries in 1954 followed by two years National Service in the Royal Air Force before taking up a studentship at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A two-year studentship at Writtle Agricultural College (now Writtle University College) followed, and provided the opportunity to gain the Royal Horticultural Societys National Diploma (now Master of Horticulture) with Honours.Joining Hillier Nurseries in 1963 as a propagator, he became a member of the Plant Propagators Society based in the US in 1964 and aided in the formation of the first overseas chapter of the Society, the GB and I Region, in 1968–69. He was the inaugural President of the region in 1969 and was awarded the International Award of Honour by that Society in 1993.Promotion at Hilliers lead to the position of Production Director and the opportunity to develop various aspects of the nursery, which, at that time, grew commercially the widest range of temperate woody plants in the world. Joining Notcutts Nurseries in 1986 provided opportunities for further experience. Prior to retirement, over a decade was spent running his own wholesale nursery specialising in grafted plants.Involvement and subsequent chairmanship of the UK ornamental nursery industry research and development initiatives with the UK Ministry of Agriculture led to the award of an O.B.E. (Order of the British Empire) in 1987. In 2013, his work in the nurserystock industry and in variousRHS projects was recognised by the award of the VMH (Victoria Medal of Honour) by the Royal Horticultural Society.He now lives in retirement in coastal Suffolk, eastern England and together with his wife maintains their garden with nearly seven acres of woodland and meadows of woody plants. Table of Contents ContentsPreface...........................................................................................................................................xxixAcknowledgements..................................................................................................................... xxxiiiAuthor.........................................................................................................................................xxxviiIntroduction..................................................................................................................................xxxixPART ONE Bench Grafting in PracticeChapter 1 Grafting in Nature and in the Hands of the Grafter......................................................3Vascular Continuity.......................................................................................................3Chapter 2 Grafting Strategies: Categorisation of Grafting Methods.............................................7Grafting Strategies........................................................................................................7Apical Grafting.........................................................................................................7Side Grafting............................................................................................................7Apical and Side Grafting Strategies Compared............................................................8Speed........................................................................................................................8Space Requirements.................................................................................................8Growth and Survival................................................................................................8Convenience.............................................................................................................8Heading-Back: A Specific Requirement of Side Grafts...........................................9Grafting: The Five Basic Methods.............................................................................. 11Splice Grafts........................................................................................................... 11Veneer Grafts.......................................................................................................... 12Wedge Grafts.......................................................................................................... 12Inlay Grafts............................................................................................................. 13Rind Grafts............................................................................................................. 13The Three Categories of Importance to Bench Grafters............................................ 14Apical Veneer, Splice and Wedge Grafts Compared.................................................. 15Machine and Tool-Made Grafts.................................................................................. 16Chapter 3 Making the Graft......................................................................................................... 19The Basics................................................................................................................... 19Understanding Stem and Root Cambia.................................................................. 19Importance of Good Knifesmanship...................................................................... 19Preparation of Components Prior to Grafting................................................... 19Holding the Knife – Support and Control......................................................... 19Splice Grafts................................................................................................................ 21Splice Grafting Methods........................................................................................ 21Alternative Splice Grafting Method..................................................................24Whip and Tongue Graft..........................................................................................27Whip and Tongue Grafting Methods.................................................................27Veneer Grafts..............................................................................................................28Apical Veneer Grafts..............................................................................................29Short Tongue Apical Veneer (Apical Veneer)....................................................29Long Tongue Apical Veneer (Modified Apical Veneer)....................................29Side Veneer Grafts..................................................................................................30Short Tongue Side Veneer (Side Veneer)........................................................... 31Long Tongue Side Veneer (Modified Side Veneer)........................................... 31Side Sloping Veneer........................................................................................... 31Veneer Grafting Methods....................................................................................... 33Sequence of Cuts for Veneer Grafts.................................................................. 33Cambial Alignment for Veneer Grafts..............................................................38Wedge Grafts...............................................................................................................40Apical Wedge Graft................................................................................................40Rootstock Cuts for Wedge Grafts...................................................................... 41Scion Cuts for Wedge Grafts............................................................................. 41Cambial Alignment for Wedge Grafts................................................................... 42Side Wedge Graft................................................................................................... 42Chapter 4 Fine Tuning Grafting: Positioning; Sequences; Training; Rates of Work.................. 43Positioning Grafts........................................................................................................ 43Height above Root Collar or Soil Level................................................................. 43Rootstock and Scion Placement – Stimulant Bud – Grafting Methods................. 43Priority – Scion or Rootstock?.................................................................................... 45Sequence of Actions for Performing the Graft........................................................... 47Training and Practice.................................................................................................. 47Rates of Work..............................................................................................................49Chapter 5 Grafting Knives: Grafting Machines and Tools.......................................................... 51Knife Selection............................................................................................................ 51Folding Blade Knives............................................................................................. 51Design and Construction................................................................................... 51Folding Blade Models............................................................................................. 52Fixed Blade Knives................................................................................................54Disposable Blade Knives........................................................................................54Knife Sharpening........................................................................................................ 55Hand Sharpening – Equipment and Materials....................................................... 55Choice of Cutting Edge Angle...........................................................................56Stone Choice and Maintenance of Sharpening Stones......................................56Procedures.........................................................................................................56Techniques for Curved (Hooked) Blades.......................................................... 57Stages in Sharpening – Burr Removal – Honing................................................... 58Honing............................................................................................................... 58Stropping............................................................................................................ 58Cutting Edge Retention..................................................................................... 59Key Points for Effective Hand Sharpening............................................................ 59Machine and MachineAided Knife Sharpening...................................................60Sharpening Aids................................................................................................60Sharpening Machines........................................................................................60Testing for Sharpness.............................................................................................60Knife Maintenance.................................................................................................60Grafting Machines and Grafting Tools....................................................................... 61Grafting Machines.................................................................................................. 61Grafting Tools........................................................................................................63Chapter 6 Ties – Tying and Sealing.............................................................................................65Basic Principles...........................................................................................................65Tying Materials...........................................................................................................65Non-Enclosing and Enclosing Ties.............................................................................66Non-Enclosing Ties................................................................................................66Tying-In Procedures and Techniques for Non-Enclosing Ties.......................... 67Tying-Off........................................................................................................... 70Enclosing Ties........................................................................................................ 71Tying Procedures for Enclosing Ties................................................................. 71Self-Adhesive Enclosing Ties................................................................................. 72Mechanised Tying-In......................................................................................... 72Alternative Graft Fixing Methods............................................................................... 73Sealants and Waxes..................................................................................................... 74Hot Sealants............................................................................................................ 74Melting Hot Waxes............................................................................................ 75Cold Sealants.......................................................................................................... 75Application Methods.............................................................................................. 76Brush Application.............................................................................................. 76Dipping.............................................................................................................. 76Chapter 7 Work Station: Equipment and Associated Ancillary and Safety Equipment............. 79Centralised, Integral or Mobile Workstations............................................................. 79Work Station – Logistics of Handling Grafts and Rootstocks............................... 79Work Station Equipment.............................................................................................80The Grafting Bench.....................................................................................................80Height Adjustment Related to Seating and Method............................................... 81Layout and Handling..............................................................................................82Grafting Procedures and Bench Design.................................................................82Seating.........................................................................................................................82Seat and Bench Placement......................................................................................82Lighting.......................................................................................................................83Ancillary Equipment and Activities – Safety Equipment...........................................83Secateurs.................................................................................................................84Bench and Plant Material Cleanliness...................................................................84Knife Blade Cleaning and Sterilisation..................................................................84Inspecting Grafts....................................................................................................85Labelling and Marking...........................................................................................85Protective Clothing.................................................................................................86Production Planning, Computers and Recording Data...............................................86First Aid Equipment, Health and Safety and Risk Assessments................................87Risk Assessments...................................................................................................88PART TWO The Graft Components – Rootstock and ScionChapter 8 Rootstocks: Origin and Underlying Principles of Anatomy and Physiology.............. 91Origin.......................................................................................................................... 91Seedlings................................................................................................................ 91Clonal.....................................................................................................................92Roots or Root Systems............................................................................................92Unrooted Stems......................................................................................................93Size of Rootstock.........................................................................................................94Root Pressure (Bleeding) and Root Activity...............................................................94Chapter 9 Rootstocks: Categories; Acquisition; Specifications; Culture.....................................97Categories of Rootstocks.............................................................................................97Acquisition..................................................................................................................97Bought-In Rootstocks.............................................................................................97In-House Production...............................................................................................98Rootstock Specifications – Terms Used......................................................................98Bare-Root Deciduous Rootstocks...............................................................................99Specifications to Meet Requirements.....................................................................99Transport – Reception and Handling.....................................................................99Preparation for Immediate Use..............................................................................99Storage (Short- or Long-Term).............................................................................. 100Bare-Root Evergreen Rootstocks.............................................................................. 100Requirements – Specifications............................................................................. 100Transport – Reception and Handling................................................................... 100Storage.................................................................................................................. 101Root-Balled Rootstocks............................................................................................. 101Rootstocks for Top-Working..................................................................................... 101Rootstocks for Cuttings-Grafts................................................................................. 101Potted Rootstocks – Sourced from Other Producers................................................ 102Requirements – Specifications............................................................................. 102Transport and Handling........................................................................................ 102Reception for Grafting Shortly after Arrival....................................................... 102Reception for Use at a Later Date........................................................................ 102Potted Rootstocks – Produced In-House................................................................... 102Specifications........................................................................................................ 103Pot Sizes and Types.............................................................................................. 103Plug Grown................................................................................................................ 104Specification and Types........................................................................................ 104Requirements and Handling................................................................................. 104Rootstock Culture – Bare-Root................................................................................. 105Soil – Sowing – Seedling Density........................................................................ 105Herbicides for Rootstocks Growing in the Field.................................................. 105Rootstock Culture – Pot Grown................................................................................ 105Establishment....................................................................................................... 105Potting Composts................................................................................................. 106Growing Conditions............................................................................................. 106Weed Control Strategies....................................................................................... 107Pesticide Use......................................................................................................... 108Drying-Off Pot Grown Rootstocks........................................................................... 108Chapter 10 Scions – General Principles – Acquisition – Stock Mother Plants – Selectionand Collection........................................................................................................... 111Scions and Cuttings Compared................................................................................. 111Principles for Selection of Scion Wood..................................................................... 111Differences between Ripe and Unripe Shoots................................................ 112Scion Acquisition – Non-Commercial Sources........................................................ 113Plant Collections................................................................................................... 113Scion Acquisition – Commercial Suppliers.............................................................. 114Other Nurserymen or Specialist Suppliers........................................................... 114Overseas Sources.................................................................................................. 114High Health Status Material................................................................................. 115Scion Acquisition from Internal Sources.................................................................. 116Scions from Growing on Stock............................................................................ 116Scions from Dedicated Container Grown Mother Plants..................................... 116Scions from Stock Mother Plant Beds.................................................................. 117Strategic Advantages....................................................................................... 117Technical Advantages...................................................................................... 117Disadvantages.................................................................................................. 118Yield of Scion Material from Stock Mother Plant Beds...................................... 118Establishment and Maintenance of Stock Beds........................................................ 119Site and Soil – Initial Assessments....................................................................... 119Soil Preparation.................................................................................................... 119Planting Procedures and Design.......................................................................... 120Weed Control........................................................................................................ 120Pesticide and Fungicide Application.................................................................... 121Pruning and Training Stock Mother Plants.............................................................. 121Deciduous Trees................................................................................................... 121Deciduous Shrubs................................................................................................. 122Evergreen Trees and Shrubs................................................................................. 123Conifers................................................................................................................ 123Upright Formal Shaped Conifers..................................................................... 123Upright Informal Shaped Conifers..................................................................124Spreading and Dwarf Conifers........................................................................124Climbers...............................................................................................................124Scions for Winter Grafts...........................................................................................124Deciduous Hardwoods..........................................................................................124Collection.........................................................................................................124Storage............................................................................................................. 125Preparation....................................................................................................... 126Evergreen Hardwoods Scions............................................................................... 126Collection......................................................................................................... 126Storage – Preparation....................................................................................... 127Scions for Summer Grafts......................................................................................... 127Summer Dormant Deciduous and Evergreen....................................................... 127Collection......................................................................................................... 127Storage............................................................................................................. 127Preparation....................................................................................................... 127Summer Active Deciduous and Evergreen........................................................... 128Collection......................................................................................................... 128Storage............................................................................................................. 129Preparation....................................................................................................... 129Conifer Scions........................................................................................................... 129Handling/Preparation for Conifer Scions............................................................. 129Storage............................................................................................................. 130Transport of Scion Material...................................................................................... 130Post Grafting Scion Growth – Use of Bud Growth Stimulants................................ 130PART THREE Achieving the UnionChapter 11 Anatomy and Physiology of Graft Union Formation and Development................... 135Basic Woody Plant Anatomy.................................................................................... 135Woody Plant – Primary Stem Anatomy............................................................... 135Woody Plant – Secondary Stem Anatomy........................................................... 136Woody Plant Anatomy – Vascular System........................................................... 137Graft Union Formation.............................................................................................. 138Union Formation – Response to Wounding......................................................... 138Stages in the Formation of the Graft Union......................................................... 139First Stage – Necrotic Plate............................................................................. 139Second Stage.................................................................................................... 140Third Stage...................................................................................................... 140Fourth Stage..................................................................................................... 141Diagrammatic Representation of Graft Union Formation................................... 142Factors Influencing Callus Development.................................................................. 144Genetic Influence.................................................................................................. 144Rootstock – Scion – Grafting Method.................................................................. 144Temperature.......................................................................................................... 144Rootstock Activity, Root Extension...................................................................... 146Moisture, Humidity, Oxygen – Effects of Sealing............................................... 146Timing/Seasonal Patterns/Pruning...................................................................... 147Polarity................................................................................................................. 148Stimulant Buds..................................................................................................... 148Root Pressure (Bleeding)...................................................................................... 149Genetic Variability........................................................................................... 152Stage of Growth – Timing............................................................................... 154Root Temperature............................................................................................ 154Substrate Moisture........................................................................................... 154Side Graft, Height of Graft.............................................................................. 154Graft Hybrids............................................................................................................ 154Rootstock and Scion Interactions.............................................................................. 156Chapter 12 Compatibility............................................................................................................. 159Recognising Incompatibility..................................................................................... 159Causes of Incompatibility......................................................................................... 159Predicting Compatibility........................................................................................... 162Future Progress – Strategies to Overcome Incompatibility...................................... 163Double-Working................................................................................................... 164Proven Inter-Stems.......................................................................................... 164Unproven Inter-Stems...................................................................................... 165Other Strategies to Overcome Incompatibility..................................................... 167Hybrid Seedlings............................................................................................. 167Root Grafting................................................................................................... 169Chapter 13 Graft Environment for Graft Union Development.................................................... 171Water Exchange and Loss between the Plant and the Atmosphere.......................... 171Humidity – The Enclosed (Supportive) Environment.......................................... 172Water – Practical Methods of Preventing Water Loss in Grafts.......................... 173Rootstocks........................................................................................................ 173Preventing Water Loss from Grafts using Dormant Leafless Scions.............. 173Preventing Water Loss from Grafts using Leafy and De-Leaved Scions....... 174High Humidity Combined with Sealing.......................................................... 174Temperature – The Graft Environment..................................................................... 174Additional Heat.................................................................................................... 174Shading................................................................................................................. 175Shading in High Humidity (Enclosed) Environments......................................... 175Shade Level Calculations................................................................................. 177Ventilation – Temperature and Humidity Control.................................................... 177Macro-Ventilation................................................................................................. 177Micro-Ventilation................................................................................................. 178Setting-Up and Management of the Enclosed Environment..................................... 178Bed Design........................................................................................................... 178Bed Layout – Condensation.................................................................................. 179Moisture Level and Temperature of Standing Down Substrate........................... 179Cover Materials.................................................................................................... 179Anti-Condensation Strategies............................................................................... 180Management of the Environment within Walk-In Structures.............................. 183Monitoring Grafts during Union Formation............................................................. 184Graft Treatments....................................................................................................... 184Influencing Union Development........................................................................... 184Disease Suppression............................................................................................. 185Cold Storage Post-Graft Union Formation................................................................ 185PART FOUR Facilities: Structures and EquipmentChapter 14 Protected Structures – High Humidity Enclosures – Shading Materials.................. 189Glasshouses............................................................................................................... 189Walk-In Enclosed Structures within a Glasshouse or Polytunnel........................ 190Polytunnels................................................................................................................ 190Free-Standing, Walk-In Grafting Polytunnels.......................................................... 191Poly-Tent.................................................................................................................... 192Holding Tent.............................................................................................................. 192Shading – External.................................................................................................... 194Natural Shade....................................................................................................... 194Shade Hall............................................................................................................ 194Additional External Hoops................................................................................... 195Direct Application................................................................................................ 195Shading – Internal/External...................................................................................... 195Shading Screens................................................................................................... 196Chapter 15 Ground Level Beds – Benches – Heating – Humidification..................................... 197Ground Level Beds within Greenhouses.................................................................. 197Ground Level Beds for Cold or Warm Callusing................................................. 197Warm Callusing – Provision of Heat for Ground Level Beds.............................. 197Electricity........................................................................................................ 197Hot Water......................................................................................................... 198Providing Bottom Heat and Space Heating..................................................... 199Grafting Beds.................................................................................................. 199Bottom Heat throughout the Entire Floor........................................................200Grafts Housed on Benches........................................................................................ 201Bench Heating Systems........................................................................................202Thermostats...............................................................................................................202Thermostats – Electro-Mechanical......................................................................202Thermostats – Digital (Electronic).......................................................................202Humidification...........................................................................................................202Chapter 16 Hot-Pipe Facilities: Design and Construction...........................................................205Hot-Pipe – Heat Source.............................................................................................205Electricity.............................................................................................................205Hot Water..............................................................................................................206The Heating Chamber...............................................................................................206Slotted Cover........................................................................................................206Layered Slotted Cover.....................................................................................208Solid Cover (Sandwiched Cover).......................................................................208Extruded Polystyrene Sheets Fabricated to Shape..........................................208Half-Round Plastic Rainwater Gutters............................................................209Square Section Rainwater Gutters................................................................... 211Plywood or Insulating Boards Fabricated to Shape........................................ 211Hot-Pipe – Stacked Assemblies............................................................................ 211Separate Assembly Stacking........................................................................... 211Integrated Assembly Stacking......................................................................... 212Alternative Design for Aligned Chambers................................................................ 214Economy Design..................................................................................................... 214Summer Storage........................................................................................................ 215Temperature Control for Hot-Pipe Systems.............................................................. 215Chapter 17 Growth Chambers for Grafts.................................................................................... 217PART FIVE Grafting SystemsChapter 18 Features and Management of Different Grafting Systems....................................... 221Sub-Cold Callusing (Hibernation Callusing)............................................................ 221Cold Callusing – For Deciduous Species..................................................................222Bare-Root Rootstocks...........................................................................................222Potted Rootstocks.................................................................................................223Modified Cold Callusing...........................................................................................224Warm Callusing.........................................................................................................224Dormant Hardwood Species.................................................................................225Deciduous Hardwoods in Summer Dormancy.....................................................225Deciduous Hardwood Species in Active Growth (Early/Mid-SummerGrafting)...............................................................................................................226Dormant Evergreen Hardwoods...........................................................................226Summer Dormant Evergreen Hardwoods............................................................226Summer Active Evergreen Hardwoods................................................................227Supported Warm Callusing Systems.........................................................................228Conifer Grafting........................................................................................................228Deciduous Conifers..............................................................................................229Evergreen Conifers...............................................................................................229Pinaceae and Sciadopityaceae.........................................................................229Cupressaceae...................................................................................................230Aurucariaceae, Podocarpaceae and Taxaceae................................................. 231Summer Dormant Conifers.................................................................................. 231Hot-Pipe (Hot Callusing) – Horticultural Management – Plant Material................. 231Output and Capacity............................................................................................. 233Rootstocks............................................................................................................ 233Grafting Methods.................................................................................................234Temperature and Timing...................................................................................... 235Cold Storage Post-Graft Union Formation...........................................................236Top-Working..............................................................................................................236Frame-Working......................................................................................................... 239Enhanced Scion Production......................................................................................240Double-Working........................................................................................................240Multi-Grafts..............................................................................................................240Root Grafting............................................................................................................242Source, Specifications and Storage.......................................................................242Grafting Methods and Tying-In............................................................................244Aftercare...............................................................................................................245Nurse Grafting..........................................................................................................245Nurse-Seed Grafting.................................................................................................246Grafting Method...................................................................................................246Aftercare.......................................................................................................... 247Cuttings-Grafts.......................................................................................................... 247Pre-Formed Roots................................................................................................ 247Unrooted Stems....................................................................................................248"Long John" Grafts...................................................................................................249Approach Grafting; Grafting with Attached Scions.................................................250Deciding upon the Best Grafting Strategy, Method and System..............................250Small Grafting Unit Concerned with Species Diversity......................................250Large, Specialised Grafting Unit Concerned with High Output.......................... 251PART SIX Role of Grafting in ConservationChapter 19 Conservation.............................................................................................................. 255Conservation of Plants in Cultivation (Ex Situ)........................................................ 255Conservation of Plants in the Wild (In Situ)............................................................. 255Propagation for Conservation....................................................................................256Attributes of Grafting for Conservation............................................................... 257Genetic Integrity; Diversity; Selection............................................................ 257Transport – Plant Health.................................................................................. 257Successful Outcomes – Rejuvenation.............................................................. 257Output.............................................................................................................. 258Speed of Response........................................................................................... 258Facility Requirements...................................................................................... 258Technical Input – Artisan Involvement – Skills Transfer................................ 258Practical Applications for Grafting in Conservation............................................ 258Recovery of Endangered Species from the Wild............................................. 258Recovery of Juvenility..................................................................................... 259Retention of Genetic Integrity......................................................................... 259Speed and Quantity of Production................................................................... 259Need for Rapid Response................................................................................ 259Rootstock Selection to Overcome Environmental Challenges........................260Grafting Potential for Red List Species....................................................................260Setting Up a Grafting Facility................................................................................... 261The Future of Grafting in Conservation................................................................... 261PART SEVEN Genera Specific RequirementsIntroduction.....................................................................................................................................265Chapter 20 Abies (Pinaceae) – Fir............................................................................................... 267Introduction............................................................................................................... 267Compatibility............................................................................................................. 267Timing....................................................................................................................... 267Grafting Methods...................................................................................................... 267Rootstocks................................................................................................................. 267Scion Wood...............................................................................................................268Systems......................................................................................................................268Physiological and Environmental Factors................................................................. 270After Care.................................................................................................................. 270Growing On............................................................................................................... 271Chapter 21 Acer (Sapindaceae) – Maple...................................................................................... 273Introduction............................................................................................................... 273Compatibility............................................................................................................. 273Timing.......................................................................................................................280Grafting Methods...................................................................................................... 281Rootstocks.................................................................................................................282Potted, Plug Grown and Bare-Root Rootstocks...................................................283Scion Wood...............................................................................................................284Systems......................................................................................................................284Dormant Season Grafting....................................................................................284Hot-Pipe System...................................................................................................286Summer Grafting..................................................................................................286Physiological and Environmental Factors.................................................................287Top-Worked Plants....................................................................................................288After Care..................................................................................................................288Performance Comparisons........................................................................................289Growing On...............................................................................................................289Chapter 22 Actinidia (Actinidiaceae) – Kiwi Fruit...................................................................... 291Introduction............................................................................................................... 291Compatibility............................................................................................................. 291Timing....................................................................................................................... 291Grafting Methods...................................................................................................... 291Rootstocks................................................................................................................. 291Scion Wood...............................................................................................................292Systems......................................................................................................................292Physiological and Environmental Factors.................................................................292Growing On...............................................................................................................292Chapter 23 Aesculus (Sapindaceae) – Horse Chestnut & Buckeye.............................................293Introduction...............................................................................................................293Compatibility.............................................................................................................293Timing.......................................................................................................................293Grafting Methods......................................................................................................294Rootstocks.................................................................................................................294Scion Wood...............................................................................................................294Systems...................................................................................................................... 295Physiological and Environmental Factors................................................................. 295Top-Worked Trees..................................................................................................... 295Growing On............................................................................................................... 295Chapter 24 Amelanchier (Rosaceae) – Snowy Mespilus.............................................................297Introduction...............................................................................................................297Compatibility.............................................................................................................297Timing.......................................................................................................................297Grafting Methods......................................................................................................297Rootstocks.................................................................................................................297Scion Wood...............................................................................................................297Systems...................................................................................................................... 298Physiological and Environmental Factors.................................................................298Growing On...............................................................................................................298Chapter 25 Aralia (Araliaceae)....................................................................................................299Introduction...............................................................................................................299Compatibility.............................................................................................................299Timing.......................................................................................................................299Grafting Methods......................................................................................................299Rootstocks.................................................................................................................302Scion Wood...............................................................................................................302Systems......................................................................................................................303Physiological and Environmental Factors.................................................................303Growing On...............................................................................................................303Chapter 26 Berberis & Mahonia (Berberidaceae).......................................................................305Introduction...............................................................................................................305Compatibility.............................................................................................................305Timing.......................................................................................................................305Grafting Methods......................................................................................................305Rootstocks.................................................................................................................306Scion Wood...............................................................................................................306Systems......................................................................................................................306Physiological and Environmental Factors.................................................................306Growing On...............................................................................................................306Chapter 27 Betula (Betulaceae) – Birch......................................................................................307Introduction...............................................................................................................307Compatibility.............................................................................................................307Timing.......................................................................................................................308Grafting Methods......................................................................................................308Rootstocks.................................................................................................................309Plug Grown Rootstocks........................................................................................ 310Bare-Root Rootstocks........................................................................................... 311Scion Wood............................................................................................................... 311Mother Trees/Storage........................................................................................... 311Size/Quality.......................................................................................................... 311Alternative Scion Wood/Scions for Multi-Stemmed Trees.................................. 312Systems...................................................................................................................... 312Cold Callusing...................................................................................................... 313Warm Callusing.................................................................................................... 313Hot-Pipe................................................................................................................ 313Late Spring/Early Summer – Late Summer Grafting.......................................... 313Physiological and Environmental Factors................................................................. 313Root Pressure/Drying Off.................................................................................... 313Temperature.......................................................................................................... 314Graft Infection Treatments................................................................................... 314Care of Grafts before, during and after Union Formation........................................ 315Top-Worked and Multi-Stemmed Trees.................................................................... 315Performance Comparisons........................................................................................ 316Growing On............................................................................................................... 316Chapter 28 Camellia (Theaceae).................................................................................................. 317Introduction............................................................................................................... 317Compatibility............................................................................................................. 317Timing....................................................................................................................... 317Grafting Methods...................................................................................................... 318Rootstocks................................................................................................................. 319Scion Wood............................................................................................................... 321Systems...................................................................................................................... 321Contents xixWarm Callusing.................................................................................................... 321Cuttings-Grafts..................................................................................................... 321Nurse Seed Grafting............................................................................................. 322Physiological and Environmental Factors................................................................. 322Top-Worked Patio Plants........................................................................................... 323Performance Comparisons........................................................................................ 323Growing on............................................................................ Review "It seems to be the British sense of humour to refer to this book as the Grafter`s Handbook. Better to call it the Grafter`s Bible. It is quite impossible in a short review to do justice to, or touch on, the wealth of information, thoughts and hints given about grafting in this wonderfully comprehensive and entertaining book.) – ( Everything you need to know but have never been told about bench grafting could be just another title) – ( Some chapters are extraordinary. In part three Achieving the Union the author discusses the problems of incompatibility.) - (Incompatibility is examined in detail; understanding and recognising its causes and strategies to overcome it are discussed.) – (Part seven is the largest section of the book, dealing with all the different genera and species with a wealth of useful information about the right (and useless) rootstocks, time and technique of grafting etc.) –(it contains 500 full-colour photographs and illustrations, which of course makes reading more vivid. A plant index, a subject index and an extensive bibliography of the cited works shows the effort the author has put into his work over many years. This work will certainly be a long term standard reference book on bench grafting."Review from Eike Jablonski - Senior Professor and Head of Arboretum, Dendrology and Nursery section at Luxemburg College of Horticulture. Review in the International Dendrology Society Yearbook "This is a book for study as well as a great reference for all who want to learn about grafting or gain deeper knowledge of the craft. The book is divided into eight parts covering different aspects of grafting, from background knowledge ("Why Grafting?") to a most usable checklist with details of more than 200 genera, encompassing over 2,000 species, varieties, and cultivars. […] this book will certainly be a long-term standard reference book for all who are propagating by grafting and for all who show an interest in grafting and want to know more […] Throughout the whole book, photographs and line drawings accompany the text. The book ends with a plant index, a subject index, and an extensive bibliography of works cited "Gert Fortgens, Director of the Trompenburg Arboretum Rotterdam, The International Oak Society Newsletter "Combining practice and science is at the core of Brian Humphreys immensely valuable book. […] he draws in this book on an immense fund of science-based practice. In so doing he achieves something which is almost unique, here is an author who distils decades of practical skills, knowledge and competence and produces a volume which will stand as the major reference tome for future generations. […] The book stands on the shoulders of past experts such as Robert Garner, Mike Dirr and Bruce MacDonald and surpasses their achievements since it comes as a direct result of highly-placed employment in the profit-making modern nursery industry. […] Every page of this weighty tome is packed solidly, but very readably, with practical knowledge and information. Brian Humphrey divides his work broadly into two parts - general principles and genera specific requirements. […] The Specific Requirements contains 35 intricate chapters dealing A to Z with those genera that are propagated by bench grafting. Rounding this off is an extensive summary table which offers an immediate aide memoire for skilled propagators. [...] Each of these parts is well illustrated with coloured pictures adding interest and readability throughout the work. [...] Brian Humphrey has written a work of true scholarship derived from personal industrial experience integrated with scientific and technical knowledge, that is a very unusual achievement. This volume should be used throughout the nursery industry as a reference source, in colleges and universities as a teaching aid and bought as a cherished life-time purchase by students." Professor Geoff R. Dickson, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Institute of Horticulture Journal "This book is extraordinarily comprehensive packed with informed detail throughout its 628 pages [...] the amount of information is awe-inspiring, but it is presented in an accessible way, broken down into discrete chapters and sections, well signposted and with two comprehensive indices one on genera the other on subjects. Chapters are also illustrated with multiple photographs [...] the Bench grafter`s Handbook is the last word on the subject. It is a big step up on what has gone before and likely to remain the definitive work on the subject for years to come."Maurice Foster, Honary member of the RHS Woody Plant Committee, The Plant Review "To distil a review of this book into a few short paragraphs is not easy. If the intention is to give the reader a flavour of what is contained within it, I would simply say this. It quite simply supersedes and excels what has gone before it. If you wish to understand what it takes to propagate some of our most treasured plants this will give you that information. [...] Whilst the experience, scholarship and technical information contained within the book are exceptional, what we should particularly celebrate and acknowledge is the desire, scholarly ability and dedication on the part of the author it has taken to produce this manuscript for us and future generations to enjoy and benefit from."Roderick White, Royal Horticultural Society`s Woody Plant Committee, Rhododendron Camellia and Magnolia Group (a Royal Horticultural Society Group) Bulletin "Looking in detail at the information I could not find any flaws at all [...] The information in Brian Humphrey`s book however is not only clear but it also seems very complete. [...] I can do nothing else but conclude this is a very thorough and practical piece of work. As a Dutchman I was also impressed by his extremely complete literature list, including even very many Dutch sources. These are often overlooked as they are written in our obscure language, which, apart from some Belgians and South Africans, nobody seems to understand. [...] it also is a handbook that helps the amateur as well as the professional [...] from the very basic principles of grafting, to pointers on how to put up a proper working station, or even how to sharpen a knife. I couldn`t think of anything regarding grafting that isn`t mentioned in detail in this handbook. I can recommend this book without any hesitation to anyone involved in grafting, wanting to understand more about the principles of grafting, or just requiring proper information about which plant to use as a rootstock."Cor van Gelderen Proprietor of the Esveld Nursery, Boskoop, The Maple Society NewsletterThis richly illustrated volume provides nearly encyclopedic coverage of every aspect of bench grafting and may well become the standard reference on the subject for the foreseeable future. In synthesizing decades of scientific literature and professional experience, British nurseryman Humphrey (awarded the O.B.E. in 1987) here outlines the anatomical and physiological principles underlying successful graft unions, and thoroughly describes the types of grafts that can be made and the materials, methods, systems, and facilities necessary to achieve them. Detailed literature reviews for 35 important plant genera, and general recommendations for grafting members of over 200 genera, provide essential information for practicing professionals. Additionally, the author raises significant questions (requiring continued scientific discovery) about the potential role grafting could play in future plant conservation efforts. This work will be of great value to professional and amateur horticulturalists alike, as well as horticulture educators and students.--R. M. Warner, Michigan State University, CHOICE (May 2020) Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readers. Details ISBN1138046221 Author Brian E. Humphrey Publisher Taylor & Francis Ltd Year 2019 ISBN-10 1138046221 ISBN-13 9781138046221 Format Paperback Imprint CRC Press Subtitle Principles & Practice Place of Publication London Country of Publication United Kingdom DEWEY 631.53 Pages 638 Publication Date 2019-06-27 Language English UK Release Date 2019-06-27 AU Release Date 2019-06-27 NZ Release Date 2019-06-27 Illustrations 22 Tables, black and white; 500 Illustrations, color Alternative 9780367224844 Audience Tertiary & Higher Education We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! TheNile_Item_ID:135084647;

Price: 259.06 AUD

Location: Melbourne

End Time: 2025-01-15T03:09:56.000Z

Shipping Cost: 23.85 AUD