Description: Savannah GA George Armstrong College Forsythe Park Kessler Mansion Postcard A53 vintage unused unposted UNP VTG c1940 Armstrong Kessler MansionAdd languagesArticleTalkReadEditView historyToolsCoordinates: 32°04′14″N 81°05′43″WFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaArmstrong Kessler MansionThe building in 2017Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMapFormer namesArmstrong HouseGeneral informationLocationSavannah, Georgia, U.S.Address447 Bull StreetCoordinates32°04′14″N 81°05′43″WCompleted1918; 105 years agoOwnerRichard C. Kessler (since 2017)Technical detailsFloor count3Design and constructionArchitect(s)Henrik WallinThe Armstrong Kessler Mansion (formerly known as Armstrong House) is a nationally significant example of Italian Renaissance Revival architectural style located in the Savannah Historic District. The structure was built between 1917 and 1919 for the home of Savannah magnate George Ferguson Armstrong (1868–1924). It was owned by the Armstrong family from 1919 to 1935. Afterward, the structure and grounds served as the campus of Armstrong Junior College. Threatened with demolition, the Historic Savannah Foundation purchased the Armstrong House along with five other threatened historic buildings from the college for $235,000 in 1967. Once saved, Historic Savannah Foundation then sold the Mansion (and Hershel V. Jenkins Hall) at the exact purchase price to preservationist and antique dealer Jim Williams who restored it as his home. Eventually, both were sold to a major Savannah law firm as offices. The mansion was featured in The American Architect in 1919, and listed in A Field Guide to American Houses in 1984.George Ferguson Armstrong[edit]Armstrong was chief executive of Strachan Shipping Company, Savannah Marine Brokers; president of the Mutual Mining Company, extractors and shippers of Florida phosphate; and a director of the Hibernia Bank and of the Commercial Life Insurance and Casualty Company. He was a member of the Oglethorpe Club and the Savannah Cotton Exchange.Armstrong died from lung cancer in 1924, six years after the construction of his mansion.[1] In 1935, widow Lucy Camp Armstrong Moltz and daughter Lucy Armstrong Johnson donated the property for the campus of Armstrong Junior College at the request of the City of Savannah.[2][3]Location and site[edit]The Armstrong Kessler Mansion is located in Savannah's National Historic Landmark District at 447 Bull Street across from Forsyth Park. It is in Monterey Ward (the center of which is Monterey Square), one of twenty-four wards laid out in the form of James Oglethorpe's original town plan. Other notable structures on Bull Street in Monterey Ward are the Mercer House and Temple Mickve Israel. Six city lots were acquired to build the Armstrong mansion, and two existing houses were demolished to make room for the 26,000 square foot structure. The entire site, including carriage house and grounds, is 0.5 acres.A view of the mansion from Bull Street, 1919.Original design[edit]The mansion was designed by the architect Henrik Wallin (1873-1936) in 1917 in an Italian Renaissance Revival style with interior elements of various established and experimental styles. The ten-bedroom home has nearly 26,000 square feet of living area. It is three stories over a full garden level with Granite balustraded terraces at each level. A broad hemicycle colonnade extending toward Bull Street offers a prospect of Forsyth Park. Other design features include a porte-cochère that opens into a side garden, an orangery, loggia, and sunporch. Exterior materials are granite and glazed brick. Bronze entry doors were fabricated by Bonachek of New York, with other doors in steel with bronze hardware. Windows were fabricated of steel and bronze by International Casement Company, now Hope Windows, which features the home in their promotional materials.[4][5][6]The attached carriage house was also three stories, having two garage bays designed for automobiles with front and rear entrances from the street or from the alley (or “lane” as they are called in Savannah). Living quarters were between and above the garages. The street entrances thus approached the carriage house through the garden creating a circular drive, with one side passing through the porte-cochere.[7]The landscape plan consisted of two formal yards on either side of a wide graduated approach to the front entrance, orchestrated to match the grandeur of the main hall. The effect in front carried through to the rear, where a second entrance under the porte-cochere faced a large rear garden. Front and rear grounds were enclosed with 200 feet of ornate iron fencing resembling that of Buckingham Palace.[8]Site plan of the mansion and grounds, 1919.Interior design[edit]The main hall was designed with Italian limestone claddings with ornate plaster ceilings and cornices. Floor-length windows, cornices, panels, friezes, and details reflecting a range of styles are found throughout the interior. Rooms drew from various period styles including Georgian, Adamesque, Jacobean, and even Arts and Crafts. The house was fully electrified, and had a central vacuum system, recirculating hot water, and a ten port shower in the master bathroom.[9][10]Modifications[edit]With the acquisition of the Armstrong mansion in 1935 for the home of a city college, initially named Armstrong Junior College, the need for facilities led to the demolition of most of the carriage house and gardens and construction of Herschel V. Jenkins Hall, also designed by Henrik Wallin. When the property became the offices of the law firm of Bouhan, Williams & Levy in 1970, Herschel V. Jenkins Hall was demolished to make room for parking. Numerous non-structural modifications were made throughout to accommodate the law practice. With the restoration of the property begun in 2017 (see below), the gardens and a portion of the carriage house has been recreated.[11]In popular culture[edit]The Armstrong Kessler Mansion setting has appeared frequently in popular culture. The house was used as the school of the daughter of the protagonist in Cape Fear, the 1962 psychological thriller starring Robert Mitchum, Gregory Peck, Martin Balsam, and Polly Bergen. The house also appeared as the real-life law office of attorney Sonny Seiler in the film Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, a 1997 American crime drama film based on the novel by John Berendt and directed by Clint Eastwood.[12]Restoration[edit]The present owner, the preservationist-hotelier Richard C. Kessler, who acquired the mansion in 2017, commissioned a complete restoration of the Armstrong property. The structure, interior, and Italianate landscape are being restored as closely as possible to the original design with original materials. The architect and urban designer Christian Sottile developed the master plan for restoration. Interiors have been carried out by the designer Chuck Chewning. The plan includes a two-story recreation of the carriage house and the addition of a reflecting pool centered on the carriage house. The porte-cochere, carriage house, and garden pavilion frame a formal garden with fountains and Italian cypresses. Georgia Southern University–Armstrong Campus, formerly Armstrong State University,[2] is one of three campuses of Georgia Southern University, a public university in the U.S. state of Georgia. Occupying a 268-acre (1.08 km2) area on the residential southside of Savannah, Georgia, the school became one of three campuses of Georgia Southern University in 2018. The university's flagship campus is in Statesboro, 50 miles (80 km) west of Savannah. The Armstrong campus is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) from downtown Savannah and 25 miles (40 km) from Tybee Island. Armstrong offers undergraduate and graduate degrees; it has a total student enrollment of approximately 5,000 students.[1]History[edit]Students of Armstrong College (circa 1950).The Armstrong campus was founded as Armstrong Junior College in 1935 by Mayor Thomas Gamble.[3] Gamble pursued the issue during the height of the Great Depression to benefit Savannah's youth and the community, as well aid in stimulating the local economy.[4] The college was originally located in the historic Armstrong House adjacent to Forsyth Park in downtown Savannah.[3] The mansion was given to the city as a gift from the family of George F. Armstrong, a local businessman involved in the shipping industry.[4] The college eventually grew to encompass six buildings in the Forsyth and Monterey Square areas of Savannah.[4]In 1959, Armstrong College of Savannah became part of the University System of Georgia as a community college, and in 1964 the Board of Regents conferred four-year status on Armstrong State College.[3] Donald Livingston and the Mills B. Lane Foundation provided the college 250 acres of land on the southwest side of Savannah.[3] Eight buildings were constructed on the property and the college moved from the Armstrong House downtown to the suburban location in January 1966.[3]The school played NCAA Division I athletics briefly, from 1983 to 1987 as part of the Big South Conference. The school later dropped athletics.Over the years the college expanded, adding new buildings and expanding academic programs. In 1993, the college began extensive landscaping work that transformed the campus into an arboretum.[3] Armstrong State College gained state university status in 1996 and changed its name to Armstrong Atlantic State University. The following year the university opened the Liberty Center in Hinesville.[3] The university celebrated its 75th anniversary and inaugurated Dr. Linda M. Bleicken as its seventh president in 2010.[3]In 2014 the school officially changed its name to Armstrong State University, to help minimize confusion regarding the school's location, make the name easier to say, and to create a stronger brand for the school. The name change became effective July 1, 2014.[2]Armstrong celebrated its 80th anniversary and the 50th anniversary of the university's move to the Southside during the 2015–2016 academic year.[5]Presently, the campus is no longer an independent institution with a separate accreditation.Consolidation with Georgia Southern University[edit]On January 11, 2017, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, on recommendation by Chancellor Steve Wrigley, voted to consolidate Armstrong State with Georgia Southern University. The merger, without any student-faculty input from the two schools, was to take place as part of a long-term goal of the Board of Regents to consolidate smaller, regional colleges and universities with larger, more well-known institutions. Under the consolidation plan, Armstrong State would inherit Georgia Southern's name, leadership, academics, and athletics, and the merged institution would become the fourth-largest public university in the state: the "New Georgia Southern University". Consolidation, which took a full year to implement, was officially proclaimed by the Board of Regents on January 17, 2018.[6]Campus[edit]The Armstrong campus is located in a suburban setting near the Savannah Mall, with direct access to downtown Savannah via Abercorn Expressway. The landscaped campus includes subtropical ferns and flowers, southern magnolias, oak trees draped with Spanish moss, and a wide variety of native plants scattered throughout the 268-acre (1,084,557.5 m2) arboretum-style grounds.[7]Lane Library is the main academic and research library on the Armstrong campus. Lane Library's collection comprises more than 200,000 books and printed materials as well as 18,000 audiovisual works.[7] The university recently invested $5 million in a renovation and expansion of the facility.[7]The Science Center complex is a two-building complex connected by an enclosed glass walkway. The Science Center is home to many of the College of Science and Technology programs, including Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Computer Science, Physical Science, and Psychology.[7] It includes classroom and lecture space, faculty offices, and labs. The 126,056-square-foot (11,711.0 m2) facility opened in 2001 as the largest single increase in instructional space on campus since the campus opened.[8]A 61,000-square-foot (5,700 m2), $24 million Student Union opened in 2010.[9] It is the university's first green building, built with rapidly renewable and recycled materials and featuring a high-efficiency chilled water cooling system.[10] The Union houses a 300-seat food court (formerly known as the Galley), 200-seat movie theatre, ballroom, bookstore, coffeehouse, convenience store, and expansive porches and lounges.[9] Next to the Student Union is the Memorial College Center. Commonly known as the MCC, it houses Student Affairs and Student Activities offices.[7]Armstrong's athletic facilities are located in the southeast area of campus. The Student Recreation and Aquatic Center is a 38,000-square-foot (3,500 m2) athletic facility that includes a 5,200-square-foot (480 m2) fitness center, and two basketball courts.[7] The facility is home to the ROTC program and was the formerly home to the Armstrong Pirate volleyball team.[7] The Alumni Arena is located adjacent to the Rec Center and includes an indoor running track, weight room, coaches offices, classroom space, and a 4,000-seat arena home to the men's and women's basketball teams.[7] Since consolidation with Georgia Southern, the campus has not maintained a separate athletics program, with the future of these athletic facilities uncertain[vague].[11] Near the end of the 2017–2018 academic year, there were talks of renovating the campus's current athletic facilities to allow for the university's tennis and soccer teams to practice and play at the Armstrong Campus, in addition to creating new recreational and general purpose fields.[12] Such a proposal, if approved, could take up to a decade to complete, with the entire project having a low-end cost of $40 million to upgrade the campus's current athletic facilities, including infrastructure needs as mandated by division standards.[12]Windward Commons, which opened in 2010, is a suite-style residential community on the Armstrong campus.More than 1,400 students live on campus within four residential communities located in the southwest portion of the campus.[7] Windward Commons is Armstrong's suite-style freshmen residential community which opened in 2010 and is home to nearly 600 students.[13] It features private and semi-private suites, music practice rooms, multipurpose classrooms, lounges/social areas, laundry facilities, courtyards with outdoor sitting space and barbecue areas, and two classrooms.[7] Compass Point, University Terrace, and University Crossings are apartment-style residence halls intended for upperclassmen and graduate students.[7]On April 24, 2013, Armstrong completed renovations to the Memorial College Center, opening the Learning Commons. The 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m2) space was developed as an extension to the Lane Library. Features include PC and Mac computers, three multi-touch tables, and group study rooms.[14]Academics[edit]Armstrong features more than 100 academic programs and offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its College of Education, College of Health Professions, College of Liberal Arts, College of Science and Technology, and Graduate Studies programs. In addition, the school offers a Doctorate of Physical Therapy. The campus is classified as a Master’s college and university by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.[15] For the 2010–11 academic year, Armstrong was not ranked and deemed a Tier 2 university by U.S. News & World Report.[16] The university has full accreditation from the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.[17] The university does not utilize graduate students to teach classes as all are taught by members of the Armstrong faculty. Armstrong has nearly 300 faculty members and a student-to-faculty ratio of 19:1.[18] The university offers study abroad and honors programs and opportunities for undergraduates to participate in research across a variety of disciplines.College of Education[edit]Armstrong's College of Education offers degree programs via two primary departments: Childhood & Exceptional Student Education and Adolescent & Adult Education. The programs prepare graduates for the education field as well as other positions in education administration.[19] In 2010 the college received continued accreditation through 2017 under performance-oriented standards of the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE).[20]College of Health Professions[edit]The College of Health Professionals is the largest academic college at Armstrong in terms of enrollment.[21] The college offers a range of academic programs that prepare students for careers in nursing, public health, health administration, and the allied health professions. It confers degrees ranging from associate's through master's and doctoral.[22]College of Liberal Arts[edit]Liberal arts have been the foundation of education at Armstrong since its founding. The College of Liberal Arts includes various departments and interdisciplinary programs that prepare graduates for careers in government, criminal justice, law, business, and entertainment. Students in the College of Liberal Arts study the arts, humanities, and social sciences in classroom environments and through internships, performances, exhibitions, undergraduate research projects, and study abroad programs. Departments include Art, Music and Theatre, Criminal Justice, Social & Political Science, Economics, History, Languages, Literature & Philosophy, Interdisciplinary Programs, and Military Science/ROTC.[23]College of Science and Technology[edit]The College of Science and Technology at Armstrong has a strong emphasis on student research opportunities that prepare students for graduate programs. Areas of study in the College of Science and Technology includes: Biology, Chemistry & Physics, Computer Science & Information Technology, Biochemistry, Engineering, Mathematics, and Psychology.[24]Liberty CampusLiberty Campus[edit]The Liberty Campus in Hinesville, which offers select academic programs to residents of Liberty County and surrounding areas, serves as the third campus of Georgia Southern, which operates under the Armstrong Campus. The Liberty Campus provides special services to Fort Stewart military personnel and their families. A variety of programs are offered or supported, including associate’s degrees in arts and applied sciences, and bachelor's degrees in criminal justice, nursing, early childhood education, middle grades education, and liberal studies, with plans to develop consortium programs with Savannah State University in the upcoming years.The Liberty Campus's current facilities opened in downtown Hinesville in January 2016.[25]Student life[edit]Armstrong offers many opportunities for students to participate in extracurricular programs, organizations, performances, forums, and athletics. The university has over 100 student organizations and an expanding Greek life system with nine fraternity and sorority organizations.[26][27] The Student Government Association, Graduate Student Coordinating Council, and University Programming Board (formerly known as CUB, for Campus Union Board, prior to consolidation) offer many opportunities for involvement, leadership, and entertainment. The Inkwell is the university's student-run award-winning publication, published every Thursday during the semester. The university also sponsors a number of recreational intramural and club sports, including dance, flag football, tennis, rugby, ultimate Frisbee, baseball, bowling, basketball, and billiards.[26] The Calliope was Armstrong's student literature and art magazine. It received a First Place/Special Merit award from the American Scholastic Press Association in 2010,[28] but was retired following the consolidation.Celebrate Armstrong occurs in October and is planned by the University Programming Board (UPB). Celebrate Armstrong consists of different kinds of activities, entertainment, and competitions. The UPB also hosted the annual Big Show in the spring, a concert that has included performances from Gym Class Heroes, Maroon 5, and Migos.The campus offers numerous volunteering opportunities to give back to the local community. The campus started the Initiative for Civic Engagement in 2009, making community service an active part of the curriculum. Hundreds of students, faculty, staff, and alumni turn out for joint outreach projects or the biannual Treasure Savannah Day of Service.Student Government Association[edit]Main article: Georgia Southern Student GovernmentThe Student Government Association (SGA) for the Armstrong Campus consists of an executive and a legislative branch. The first student association on the campus was the Armstrong Student Association, founded by Armstrong Junior College's inaugural class in 1935. SGA's current system has existed since the summer of 2018, when the constitution for the post-consolidation Georgia Southern University took effect.In addition to the university-wide SGA President, the executive branch consists of an Executive Vice President, who chairs the Campus Executive Board for the Armstrong Campus, which includes the Executive Vice President, the Chief of Staff, other vice president positions with their own specialty (e.g. for financial or academic affairs), and officers. The Campus Executive Board consists of elected and appointed officers and serves as an advisory body for the campus's University administrators.The legislative branch consists of a Senate, led by a Speaker, who presides over meetings of the Senate. The Senate consists of Senators representing the colleges housed on the Armstrong Campus (currently, the Colleges of Education, Health Professions, and Public Health), as well as two additional "colleges": Graduate Studies and At-Large, to ensure that graduate students and students whose major is not housed on the Armstrong Campus, respectively, are still represented. In addition to presiding over the Senate, the Speaker also chairs the Senate Advisory Council, which consists of the Speaker and other officers of the Senate Leadership, such as the Deputy Speaker, Senate Whip, Parliamentarian, and the chairs for the Senate's various standing committees.The Liberty Campus is represented by the Armstrong Campus, and includes a semi-autonomous Governing Board, led by an elected Director, and a Student Council, led by the assistant director.Pirate athletics (1935–2017)[edit]Armstrong State University's consolidation with Georgia Southern spelled an end for Armstrong's athletics, being announced on March 7, 2017, that Armstrong's athletic program would be discontinued at the conclusion of the 2016–17 academic year.[11]Armstrong's athletic teams were known as the Pirates. The university was a member at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a charter member of the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) from 1990–91 to their final season of competition in the 2016–17 academic year.Until 2016–17, Armstrong competed in twelve intercollegiate varsity sports, five men's and seven women's: Men's sports included baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, and tennis; while women's sports included basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball.History[edit]Athletics at Armstrong began at the start of the school's history in the 1930s with its teams known as the Geechees. The school won state championships as a junior college in 1938 in men's basketball and men's tennis.[29] Athletics were suspended during World War II. Following the war, the college added new athletic programs, and in 1948 men's basketball won a second state championship.[29]Armstrong joined the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) in 1967 and became known as the Pirates after the college became a four-year institution.[29] In 1973, it joined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and became a member of the South Atlantic Conference (SAC) with in-state rivals Valdosta State College (now Valdosta State University), Columbus College (now Columbus State University), and Augusta College (now Augusta University).[29] In 1983, Armstrong State College upgraded athletics to NCAA Division I and became a charter member of the Big South Conference in 1985.[29] Soon after, in 1987, the Pirates returned to Division II, becoming a charter member of the Peach Belt Conference in 1990.[29]Armstrong holds 96 PBC championships. In addition, the university has appeared in 139 NCAA Championships, winning 13 titles. Armstrong has produced 296 All-Americans. The Armstrong men's and women's tennis teams have combined to capture 10 NCAA Division II national championships over the last nine seasons. Georgia Southern University9 languagesArticleTalkReadEditView historyToolsCoordinates: 32°25′10″N 81°46′36″WFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Georgia Southern UniversityFormer nameFirst District Agricultural & Mechanical School (1908–1924) Georgia Normal School (1924–1929) South Georgia Teachers College (1929–1939) Georgia Teachers College (1939–1959) Georgia Southern College (1959–1990)TypePublic research universityEstablishedDecember 1, 1906; 117 years agoParent institutionUniversity System of GeorgiaAccreditationSACSAcademic affiliationsSpace-grantEndowment$277.1 million (2020)[1]Budget$345 Million (2021)[2]PresidentKyle Marrero[3]ProvostCarl L. ReiberStudents26,949 (Fall 2020)[4]Undergraduates23,469 (Fall 2020)[4]Postgraduates3,480 (Fall 2020)[4]LocationStatesboro, Georgia, United States CampusDistant Town, 900 acres (3.6 km2)[5]Other campusesSavannahHinesvilleNewspaperThe George-AnneColorsBlue and White NicknameEaglesSporting affiliationsNCAA Division I FBS – Sun BeltCCSASoConMascotGUS the EagleFreedom (live bald eagle)Websitewww.georgiasouthern.eduGeorgia Southern University (Southern or Georgia Southern) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Georgia.[6] The flagship campus is in Statesboro, with additional campuses in Savannah (Armstrong Campus) and Hinesville (Liberty Campus). Founded in 1906, Georgia Southern is the fifth-largest institution in the University System of Georgia. Southern offers over 140 different academic majors in the bachelor's, master's, and doctoral levels.[7][8] The university has a combined enrollment of approximately 27,000 students from all 50 states and over 80 countries.[9] Georgia Southern is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity"[10] and a comprehensive university by the University System of Georgia.[11]Georgia Southern University's intercollegiate sports teams, known as the "Eagles", compete in the Sun Belt Conference.History[edit]Presidents of Georgia Southern University[12]J. Walter Hendricks1908–1909E.C.J. Dickens1909–1914F.M. Rowan1915–1920Ernest V. Hollis1920–1926Guy H. Wells1926–1934Marvin S. Pittman1934–1941Albert M. Gates1941–1943Marvin S. Pittman1943–1947Judson (Jake) C. Ward Jr.1947–1948Zach S. Henderson1948–1968John O. Edison1968–1971Pope A. Duncan1971–1976Nicholas W. Quick (Acting)1977–1978Dale W. Lick1978–1986Harrison (Harry) S. Carter (Acting)1986–1987Nicholas L. Henry1987–1998Bruce F. Grube1999–2009Brooks A. Keel2010–2015Jean E. Bartels (Acting)2015–2016Jaimie L. Hebert2016–2018Shelley C. Nickel (Acting)2018–2019Kyle Marrero2019–Note: During the time that the university was known as First District A&M, the President held the title of "Principal".The Builders of the University TerraceGeorgia Southern University began as First District Agricultural & Mechanical School, a land grant college under federal legislation and support.[13] It opened in 1908 with four faculty members and 15 students.Founded as a school for teaching modern agricultural production techniques and homemaking skills to rural school children, First District A&M within two decades shifted its emphasis to meet the growing need for teachers within the state. Its name and mission were changed in 1924 to Georgia Normal School, as a training ground for teachers. Five years later in 1929, after development of a four-year curriculum, it was granted full-fledged senior college status by the state, and the school was renamed as South Georgia Teachers College.Coca-Cola Plaza behind the College of Business Administration at Georgia SouthernEnsuing decades found more name and mission changes: to Georgia Teachers College in 1939 and Georgia Southern College in 1959.The university finally integrated its student body in 1965,[14] eleven years after the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). College President Marvin Pittman had been fired in 1941 by Georgia governor Eugene Talmadge for supporting racial integration; he was eventually rehired.Georgia Southern has continued its program and physical expansion. With the development of graduate programs in numerous fields and associated research, the institution was granted university status in 1990 as Georgia Southern University.[15]Since then, the university has embarked on a massive upgrade of facilities, adding more than $300 million in new construction. Georgia Southern was named a Doctoral/Research University by Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 2006. The university is recognized in publications including U.S. News & World Report's "America's Best Colleges" and "Best Graduate Schools", Forbes' "America's Best Colleges" and, most recently, by Kiplinger for being one of the "Top 100 Best Values among Public Colleges and Universities." Additionally, Georgia Southern's MBA program was named one of the "Best 301" in the country by The Princeton Review.The founding marker at Georgia Southern UniversitySince 1999, two new colleges have been established: the College of Information Technology in 2001, and the Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health in 2004. Additional undergraduate and graduate programs were formed, including doctorate degrees in psychology, public health and nursing. In 2011, the university established the Allen E. Paulson College of Engineering and Computing, formerly known as College of Engineering and Information Technology, which combines the previous College of IT with its engineering programs. In addition, at the same time it created the College of Science and Mathematics, previously known as the Allen E. Paulson College of Science and Technology.Online bachelor's degrees are available in nursing, general studies, and information technology. Master's programs are offered in kinesiology, instructional technology, accomplished teaching, instructional improvement, higher education administration, reading education, middle grades education, secondary education, special education, and educational leadership. Additionally, the university offers master's degrees in business administration, applied economics, accounting, computer science and sport management. Georgia Southern also offers online endorsements in online teaching and learning, K-5 math, and reading.Since 1999, the university has had its most significant growth in its more than 100-year history. It has grown in enrollment and physical facilities. Under a Campus Master Plan, the university added the new 1,001-bed residence hall Centennial Place. It has completely renovated and significantly expanded the Zach S. Henderson Library.[16] Completed in 2009, the Eugene M. Bishop Alumni Center is a gathering place for alumni and friends of the university.[17][18] The Center for Wildlife Education and the Botanical Garden have also been expanded. Currently, the university is concluding construction on a new Engineering and Research Building. The building's primary focus is aimed at manufacturing engineering.On January 11, 2017, the Regents of the University System of Georgia announced that the university would merge with Armstrong State University in Savannah as part of the ongoing campus consolidations recommended by the University System of Georgia (USG). Since 2011, in an attempt to improve efficiency and lower costs, the USG has consolidated several colleges and universities within its system, merging some and closing others while altering or transforming curriculums. In January 2018, both Armstrong State and its smaller Liberty Campus, located in Hinesville, formally merged with Georgia Southern.Campuses[edit]Statesboro Campus[edit]A panorama of Georgia Southern's rotundaSunset at Lake Wells and Ruby (left hand side) and the College of Information Technology (rooftop visible behind the trees)Lake Wells and RubyPedestrium looking towards College of Business Administration and the College of EducationGeorgia Southern's flagship campus is located in the city of Statesboro, Georgia and is accessible by Interstate 16 from the cities of Macon and Savannah. By car, Statesboro is approximately one hour from Savannah, two hours from Macon, and three hours from Atlanta. Georgia Southern has smaller campuses in Savannah and Hinesville.Center for Wildlife Education and Lamar Q Ball Jr. Raptor Center[edit]The Center for Wildlife Education and the Lamar Q Ball Jr. Raptor Center is an educational and research facility located on 18 acres (73,000 m2). In addition to undergraduate and graduate research, the center hosts over 165,500 annual visitors through general admission and off-site outreach programs. The center is home to "Freedom", Georgia Southern's American bald eagle mascot, as well as 85 other birds, 67 reptiles, 70 amphibians, and eight mammals. Species of birds of prey include hawks, owls, falcons, kestrels, vultures. The center also contains an amphitheater and an indoor classroom.[19] Inside the center, exhibitions of reptiles and amphibians such as alligators, painted turtles, box turtles, and gopher tortoises, rattlesnakes, corn snakes, king snakes, boa constrictors, pythons, are held. The staff perform demonstrations of raptors in flight. In 2009, the center added a 12-acre (49,000 m2) expansion known as the Wetland Preserve, featuring various species of water fowl in their native habitats. The center is the only one of its kind to be located within the campus of a major university campus.[20]Recreation Activity Center (RAC)[edit]The Recreation Activity Center[21] (the RAC) is a 220,000-square-foot (20,000 m2) complex that includes areas for weight lifting, cardio, and basketball. It includes an indoor track, two dance studios, a studio for yoga and pilates, five racquetball courts, and a 45-foot (14 m) indoor climbing wall.[22]In 2006, the RAC was expanded, adding additional basketball and multi-purpose courts, weight and fitness rooms, an Olympic-size swimming pool, a rehabilitation pool, and more space for CRI (Campus Recreation and Intramural) personnel.[23] The expansion also brought a bandshell area that has hosted several national touring artists.Botanical Garden[edit]The Georgia Southern Botanical Garden is centered on an early 20th-century farmstead and offers visitors a view of the cultural and natural heritage of the southeastern coastal plain, an area rich in endangered plants. The garden's nearly 11-acre (45,000 m2) site includes woodland trails, the Bland Cottage Visitor Center and Gift Shop, Heritage Garden, Rose Arbor, Children's Vegetable Garden, Camellia Garden, Native Plant Landscape Garden, Native Azalea Collection and Bog Garden.[24]Student housing[edit]Georgia Southern currently has seven housing facilities, Centennial Place, Kennedy Hall, Watson Hall, Eagle Village, Freedom's Landing, Southern Courtyard, and Southern Pines offering mostly suite and apartment configurations.[25] In the fall of 2008, Centennial Place, a residential complex with four buildings, was constructed. It contains 1,001 beds and retail space.[26] Eagle Village is a housing facility reserved for freshmen only and houses roughly 775 freshman residents each year.[27] First-year Georgia Southern students, with some exceptions, are required to live on campus.[28]Georgia Southern University purchased Campus Club during May 2012 and began offering campus housing under the name of Freedom's Landing for the fall 2012 semester. Located near the stadium, Freedom's Landing contains 978 beds and is dedicated housing for upperclassmen.[29]Eagle Dining Services[edit]Eagle Dining Services (part of Auxiliary Services[30] at Georgia Southern University) manages all dining locations on campus. Eagle Dining completed two new dining commons (named Landrum and Lakeside, after the former facilities) that opened in the fall of 2013.Retail dining locations by Eagle Dining Services include an on-campus Starbucks and Chick-fil-A, that are managed by EDS staff. They also have their own concepts of Zach's Brews (located in the Zach Henderson Library), Market Street Deli (located in the IT Building), Sushi with Gusto (located in the Nursing/Chemistry Building), and Oasis Smoothie & Juice Bar (located in the Recreation and Activities Center). Eagle Dining Services also manages concessions for many Georgia Southern Athletics events, vending all across campus, Catering Services and two convenience stores known as Gus Marts (located in the Russell Union and IT Building).Georgia Southern University is one of the first to implement a biometric iris recognition system to gain entry to the dining halls in lieu of a swipe card. This system was added to the RAC in the fall of 2015.[31][32][33]Georgia Southern Museum[edit]A permanent exhibit concerning ancient sea life at the Georgia Southern MuseumFor more than two decades, the University Museum has showcased artifacts of the natural and cultural history of the region, as well as offered visiting exhibits from U.S. and international museums. It holds both permanent and traveling educational programs which include interactive and hands-on programs. Permanent collections and exhibits focus on preserving the natural and cultural history of the Coastal Plain.[34]Center for Art & Theatre[edit]The Center for Art & Theatre opened on February 29, 2008. One of its three galleries is the permanent home of the Georgia Artists Collection, a continuously expanding gift of pieces established and curated by Betty Foy Sanders, Bulloch County native and wife of former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders. Other galleries feature scheduled exhibitions of private, student, and faculty works. The center also hosts a 150-seat Black Box Theatre for student performances.Performing Arts Center[edit]The Performing Arts Center is home to touring shows, lecturers, and programs for cultural outreach. The 825-seat theatre features an orchestra pit and shell, a full-sized stage, and technology for lighting, sound, and production.[35]Southern Express[edit]Southern Express is Georgia Southern's bus transportation system. In the fall of 2010, adjustments were made and two new routes with a total of eight buses were introduced. The Gold Route runs from the University Store and makes two stops on Forest Drive before proceeding to the RAC and the park-ride lot at Paulson Stadium. The Gold Route Buses then return to the store making the same stops as before. The Blue Route makes one large circle. The Blue route starts at the University Store and makes two stops on Forest Drive and two stops on Lanier Drive before returning to the University Store. The buses change their routes on days of football games to accommodate fans. During the 2009–2010 school year the buses carried almost 1.6 million passengers.[36]Armstrong Campus[edit]Main article: Georgia Southern University-Armstrong CampusGeorgia Southern's Armstrong Campus is located in Savannah, accessible by Interstate 16 and Interstate 95. Prior to consolidation with Georgia Southern, the Armstrong Campus was founded as Armstrong Junior College in 1935 by Mayor Thomas Gamble to help Savannah's youth and the community at large in stimulating the local economy during the height of the Great Depression.[37] Originally housed in the historic Armstrong House downtown, Armstrong moved to its current location in January 1966.[38]The Armstrong campus is located in a suburban setting near the Savannah Mall, with direct access to downtown Savannah via Abercorn Expressway. The landscaped campus includes subtropical ferns and flowers, southern magnolias, oak trees draped with Spanish moss, and a wide variety of native plants scattered throughout the 268-acre (1,084,557.5 m2) arboretum-style grounds.[39]The campus is home to the Georgia Southern's Colleges of Education, Health Professions, and Public Health.Lane Library is the main academic and research library on the Armstrong campus. Its collection comprises more than 200,000 books and printed materials as well as 18,000 audiovisual works.[39] The university recently[when?] invested $5 million in a renovation and expansion of the facility.[39]The Science Center complex is a two-building complex connected by an enclosed glass walkway. It is home to the Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Physics, and Psychology departments.[39] It includes classroom and lecture space, faculty offices, and labs. The 126,056-square-foot (11,711.0 m2) facility opened in 2001 as the largest single increase in instructional space on campus since the campus opened.[40]A 61,000-square-foot (5,700 m2), $24 million student union opened in 2010.[41] It was the Armstrong State University's first green building, built with rapidly renewable and recycled materials and featuring a high-efficiency chilled water cooling system.[42] The union houses a 300-seat food court, 200-seat movie theatre, ballroom, bookstore, coffeehouse, convenience store, and expansive porches and lounges.[41] Next to the Student Union is the Memorial College Center. Commonly known as the MCC, it houses the Student Affairs and Student Activities offices for the campus.[39]Armstrong's athletic facilities are located in the southeast area of campus. The Student Recreation and Aquatic Center is a 38,000-square-foot (3,500 m2) athletic facility that includes a 5,200-square-foot (480 m2) fitness center, and two basketball courts.[39] The Alumni Arena is located adjacent to the Rec Center and includes an indoor running track, weight room, coaches offices, classroom space, and a 4,000-seat arena home to the men's and women's basketball teams.[39]Since consolidation with Georgia Southern, the Armstrong Campus has not maintained a separate athletics program, with the future of these athletic facilities uncertain.[43] Near the end of the 2017–2018 academic year, there were talks of renovating the campus' current athletic facilities to allow for the university's tennis and soccer teams to practice and play at the Armstrong Campus, in addition to creating new recreational and general purpose fields.[44] Such a proposal, if approved, could take up to a decade to complete, with the entire project having a low-end cost of forty million dollars to upgrade the campus's current athletic facilities, including infrastructure needs as mandated by division standards.[44]Windward Commons suite-style residential community opened in 2010.More than 1,400 students live on campus in the four residential communities located in the southwest portion of the campus.[39] Windward Commons, which opened in 2010, is Armstrong's suite-style freshmen residential community and is home to nearly 600 students.[45] It features private and semi-private suites, music practice rooms, multipurpose classrooms, lounge/social areas, laundry facilities, courtyards with outdoor sitting space and barbecue areas, and two classrooms.[39] Compass Point, University Terrace, and University Crossings are apartment-style residence halls for upperclassmen and graduate students.[39]On April 24, 2013, Armstrong completed renovations to the Memorial College Center, opening the Learning Commons. The 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m2) space was developed as an extension to the campus's Lane Library. Features include Mac and PC labs, three multi-touch tables, and group study rooms.[46]Liberty Campus[edit]The Liberty Campus in Hinesville first began operations as a satellite campus of Armstrong State University in 1997, moving to its current facilities in January 2016.[47][38] It offers select programs to residents of Liberty County and surrounding areas. The Liberty Campus provides special services to Fort Stewart military personnel and their families. A variety of programs are offered or supported, including associate’s degrees in arts and applied sciences, and bachelor's degrees in criminal justice, nursing, early childhood education, middle grades education, and liberal studies, with plans to develop consortium programs with Savannah State University in the years post-consolidation.Academics[edit]Academic rankingsNationalForbes[48]562U.S. News & World Report[49]299–391Washington Monthly[50]292GSU shrub lettering as viewed from Sweetheart CircleGeorgia Southern is classified as a comprehensive university by the University System of Georgia.[51] Georgia Southern University is accredited by Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is overseen by the Georgia Board of Regents.Georgia Southern University consists of eight primary colleges: the College of Business Administration,[52] the College of Education, the College of Health Professions, the College of Engineering and Computing, the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, the College of Science and Mathematics, the College of Public Health,[53] and the College of Arts and Humanities.Georgia Southern offers a selective honors college for high-achieving undergraduate students. The honors college provides special learning opportunities and privileges to admitted students.[54]Degree programs[edit]The university offers more than 140 bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctorate programs in eight colleges.In 2010, Georgia Southern received approval to offer three new engineering degrees: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, and the Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Classes for the engineering school began in the fall of 2011.The Parker College of Business[52] houses the only School of Economic Development in the southeastern United States.[55] The School of Accountancy in the Parker College of Business is the only AACSB certified school in the United States to offer forensic accounting courses to both undergraduate and graduate students.[56]Georgia Southern has significantly expanded its online degree offerings after launching the program on January 9, 2008.[example needed][quantify]Georgia Southern's Department of Writing and Linguistics is the only freestanding writing department in the State of Georgia.[57]The Ph.D. in Logistics/Supply Chain Management is the first of its kind to be offered in the state of Georgia through the university's Parker College of Business. Classes began in the fall of 2010.[19]Enrollment statistics[edit]In the fall of 2014 the university enrolled 18,004 students in undergraduate programs and 2,513 students in graduate programs. The student population was 52% female and 48% male. With the consolidation with Armstrong State University, the university's overall student population was 27,459 for the 2017–2018 school year.For incoming freshmen in fall 2018 the average SAT score was 1139, average ACT score was 23, and the average high school GPA was 3.36.[58]Research[edit]Facilities and Classification[edit]Georgia Southern is involved in energy-related issues in a move toward energy independence and self-sufficiency, with a focus on renewable energy and environmental science research. The State of Georgia established and funded an Endowed Chair of Renewable Energy at Georgia Southern, and biofuel facilities in the state are converting Georgia-grown agricultural products into marketable fuel. The research team is identifying renewable sources of energy in south Georgia and design and evaluate products to capture the energy in a usable form for commercial or residential use in the region. The research team is also assisting regional industries in energy consumption analysis, appropriate strategies for conservation of energy, and preservation of our environments. In addition to creating a regional repository of technology that showcases renewable energy application, these activities will help advance the State of Georgia and the region through the benefits of higher education.[59]Georgia Southern is home to the Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology. In honor of the founder of the institute, the name was changed in 2013 to the James H. Oliver Jr., Institute for Coastal Plain Science.[60] An integral part of this program is the U.S. National Tick Collection, the largest collection of ticks in the world, with more than one million specimens representing most of the world's 850 species.[61]Georgia Southern is classified as a "R2" research university by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.[62]Herty Advanced Material Development Center[edit]Georgia Southern University welcomed Georgia Governor Nathan Deal to campus in April 2012 to sign Georgia Senate Bill 396 into law transferring management of the Herty Advanced Materials Development Center to the university.[63] The new legislation, which aligned the university and Herty to create the Georgia Southern University Herty Advanced Materials Development Center, is designed to enhance economic and business development in the state of Georgia. The alignment became effective July 1, 2012. Herty's clients are currently focused in the transportation, forest and paper related products, building materials, energy and the environment and bio-products industries.The Herty Advanced Material Development Center, which is located near the Port of Savannah, is named for the chemist, businessman and academic Charles Herty (1837-1938), who revolutionized the nation's naval stores industry through innovations in turpentine and paper making in the early 1900s.[64] Herty devised the first system for manufacturing newsprint from southern pines, giving the South a tremendously successful cash crop. His first experiments on southern pines were conducted in a forest located on the university's campus. The university erected a plaque in 1935 noting the site.Student organizations[edit]Student body composition as of May 2, 2022Race and ethnicity[65]TotalWhite58% Black27% Hispanic7% Other[a]5% Asian2% Foreign national1% Economic diversityLow-income[b]38% Affluent[c]62% There are many types of organizations on campus, including professional, Greek letter, cultural, service and religious. The Armed Forces ROTC would be considered as a professional student organization while the Hispanic Student Association would be considered a cultural student organization. Other professional organizations include AITP.Political organizations include the Young Democrats and Young Americans for Liberty. The Young Democrats of Georgia Southern has established significant efforts in getting students to vote. These efforts include working with city and county officials to get a voting precinct on campus, and the Voter Action Program, which has a voter hotline and an email system to coordinate with students.[66]Eagle Battalion ROTC[edit]Although Georgia Southern is not a military college, it has an Eagle Battalion ROTC. It also produces a large number of military nurses. In 2010 and 2011, it was presented with the prestigious MacArthur Award, recognizing the unit as one of the eight best in the country.Student Media[edit]The Department of Student Media houses six divisions: the George-Anne, Business, Marketing, Magazines, and two Production divisions, one digital, one print. Each of these divisions is led by one student Executive Officer who reports to the director and the Student Media Advisory Board. The board is composed of students and staff. The organization has around 70 student members.The George-Anne, Student Media's flagship publication for the Statesboro campus, is published on the Statesboro Campus every Tuesday and Thursday during the fall and spring semesters. During the summer terms, it is published biweekly on Thursdays. It also publishes online daily at thegeorgeanne.com. It does not print during the week of finals.The George-Anne, Inkwell Edition publishes weekly on Thursdays for the Armstrong Campus. It publishes its articles online at theinkwellonline.com.The Magazines Division produces The Reflector, The Miscellany, Our House, Lantern Walk and Our Neighborhood. The Reflector is the student interest news magazine of Georgia Southern. The Miscellany is a literary arts magazine made up of submissions from the student body and university community. Our House is a publication geared toward helping upperclassmen find housing once they leave the on-campus options. Our Neighborhood contains information about the surrounding community, like restaurants and places to shop in town. The Lantern Walk is a publication distributed at Georgia Southern's graduation ceremony that includes information about graduation as well as the names of every graduate.The Business Division earns 40 percent of Student Media's operating budget through advertising sales.The Marketing Division organizes all of the publication's events, including release parties, fundraisers and Student Media's award-winning First Amendment Free Food Festival. The division is also in charge of distributing all of Student Media's publications.The Digital Division is home to Student Media's videographers and web designers. They maintain thegeorgeanne.com, produce video coverage and monitor multiple social media accounts for Student Media.The Creative Division oversees the production of all of Student Media's print publications and assists with thegeorgeanne.com. Designers and photographers produce visual content for Student Media's publications.Student Government Association[edit]The Georgia Southern University Student Government Association (SGA) is a devolved system in which the individual campuses are self-governing. The Liberty Campus operates under the jurisdiction of the Armstrong Campus. While led by a single President, each campus maintains their own separate legislative and executive branches led by a Speaker and Executive Vice President respectively. They preside over meetings of their respective campus-level branch. The SGA President chairs the Presidential Advisory Committee, which acts in a similar capacity as the individual campus executive boards. Executive and legislative elections are held concurrently across all three campuses in April.Each campus has sole jurisdiction over issues that only affect their campus and represent the academic colleges housed within their respective campus; each Senate has two additional "colleges" in addition to their respective academic colleges: one for students whose major is not located on their primary campus, and another to represent the interests of graduate-level students. To discuss and advocate for issues at the university level, the two Senates meet during a joint session as a convention, which can pass legislation by a two-thirds vote.Fraternities and sororities[edit]The first fraternities and sororities were chartered on the campus in 1953 and 1968, many have followed. Approximately 12% of undergraduate students are active in social fraternities and sororities on campus.Speaker controversies[edit]In October 2019, some students of Georgia Southern University publicly burned books of Cuban-American novelist Jennine Capó Crucet after she gave a talk on campus. The university declared that "book burning does not align with Georgia Southern's values" but declined to discipline the students.[67][68][69][70] Campus events were scheduled October 15 and 16 to discuss censorship and free speech in response to the book burning.[71][72]Journalist Abby Martin was scheduled to be the keynote speaker at Georgia Southern University's eighth annual International Critical Media Literacy Conference at Georgia Coastal Center in Savannah on February 28, 2020. When she received the contract for this engagement from GSU, she noted a paragraph included pursuant to Georgia's law prohibiting participation in boycotts of Israel on the part of parties doing business with the State of Georgia passed in 2016. She refused to agree to its stipulations and after she communicated her refusal to GSU, GSU cancelled the engagement.[73] Thereupon, Martin filed suit against GSU and a number of its officials in the Federal District Court for Northern Georgia seeking the voiding of the Georgia statute on grounds of unconstitutional violation of her rights. The event was cancelled.[74]Athletics[edit]Main article: Georgia Southern EaglesSee also: Georgia Southern Eagles football and Armstrong State Pirates and Lady PiratesGeorgia Southern Athletics wordmarkGeorgia Southern's athletic teams are known as the Eagles. The Eagles compete in baseball, basketball, rifle, football, golf, tennis, volleyball, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, cross country and track and field.[75] The university's baseball team has participated in the College World Series twice (1973 and 1990).[19] The university has two cheerleading squads, an all-female squad of 22 members and a co-ed squad of seven.[76] Georgia Southern's Athletic Director is Jared Benko. The university offers, intramural teams for all varsity level sports, equestrian events, fencing, and judo.[citation needed]Football[edit]Georgia Southern's football team currently competes in NCAA Division I FBS as a member of the Sun Belt Conference. The football team won six NCAA Division I-AA national championships (1985, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1999 and 2000) prior to moving to Division I FBS. Georgia Southern announced on March 27, 2013, that it would move to the Sun Belt Conference in 2014, becoming bowl eligible in 2015. During Georgia Southern's last year in Division I FCS (2013), the football schedule remained the same, but they were ineligible for the FCS playoffs.Traditions[edit]School colors[edit]The official school colors for Georgia Southern are blue and white.School mascot[edit]The official school mascot for Georgia Southern are the Eagles.
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Size: Standard (5.5 x 3.5 in)
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City: Savannah
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Era: Linen (1930-1945)
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Region: Georgia
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