Philosophy for AS and A Level: Epistemology and Moral Philosophy by Michael Lace

Description: Philosophy for AS and A Level by Michael Lacewing Philosophy for AS and A Level and Philosophy for A Level are the Routledge textbooks for the new 2017 AQA AS and A Level Philosophy syllabus. Structured closely around the AQA specification these textbooks cover epistemology, moral philosophy, metaphysics of God and metaphysics of mind in an engaging and student-friendly way. FORMAT Paperback LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Philosophy for AS and A Level is an accessible textbook for the new 2017 AQA Philosophy syllabus. Structured closely around the AQA specification this textbook covers the two units shared by the AS and A Level, Epistemology and Moral Philosophy, in an engaging and student-friendly way. With chapters on How to do philosophy, exam preparation providing students with the philosophical skills they need to succeed, and an extensive glossary to support understanding, this book is ideal for students studying philosophy.Each chapter includes: argument maps that help to develop students analytical and critical skills comprehension questions to test understanding discussion questions to generate evaluative argument explanation and commentary on the AQA set texts Thinking harder sections cross-references to help students make connections bullet-point summaries of each topic.The companion website hosts a wealth of further resources, including PowerPoint slides, flashcards, further reading, weblinks and handouts, all structured to accompany the textbook. It can be found at Notes Fully updated in line with the new AQA 2017 AS Level syllabus, it is structured closely around the two core units: Moral Philosophy and Epistemology. Author Biography Michael Lacewing is a teacher of philosophy and theology at Christs Hospital school, and a former Reader in Philosophy and Vice-Principal Academic at Heythrop College, University of London. He is founder of the company A Level Philosophy , and advises the British Philosophical Association on matters related to philosophy in schools. Table of Contents ContentsPermissions Introduction How to use this book How to do philosophy Following the syllabus Additional features Using the anthology Glossary Companion website and further resources Acknowledgements 1 How to do philosophy Philosophical argument Deductive argument Inductive argument Hypothetical reasoning Understanding arguments and argument maps Evaluating arguments Evaluating claims An aside: why reason? Fallacies Reading philosophy Approaching the text Engaging with the text Beyond the text Writing philosophy What you need to know Planning an essay Writing an essay A standard essay structure General advice 2 Epistemology I. What is knowledge? A. Knowledge and its definitionTypes of knowledgePropositional knowledgeThe definition of knowledgeThe purpose and nature of definitionCan propositional knowledge be defined?Key points: knowledge and its definition B. The tripartite view The tripartite definition of knowledge Why justified true belief?Thinking harder: A note on certaintyAre the conditions individually necessary? Justification is not a necessary condition of knowledge Truth is not a necessary condition of knowledge Belief is not a necessary condition of knowledge Gettiers objection: are the conditions jointly sufficient? Key points: the tripartite view C. Responses Add a no false lemmas condition (J+T+B+N) Infallibilism Thinking harder: rejecting the argument for infallibilism Reliabilism (R+T+B) Truth and the third conditionVirtue epistemology (V+T+B) Zagzebskis analysis of knowledgeKey points: Responses Summary: What is knowledge? II. Perception as a source of knowledge A. Direct realism The argument from perceptual variation Responses The argument from illusion Thinking harder: the argument from hallucinationThe disjunctive theory of perception The time-lag argument Thinking harder: direct realism and openness Key points: direct realism B. Indirect realism What are sense-data? Why indirect realism?Lockes distinction between primary and secondary qualities Scepticism about the existence of mind-independent objects The existence of the external world is the best hypothesis Two supporting arguments Thinking harder: the existence of mind-independent objects is not a hypothesis Representation, resemblance and the nature of physical objects Berkeleys argument that mind-dependent ideas cannot be like mind-independent objects Key points: indirect realism C. Berkeleys idealism Berkeley on primary and secondary qualities Berkeley on secondary qualitiesBerkeleys attack on the primary/secondary quality distinctionThe immediate objects of perception are mind-dependent objects Three arguments against mind-independent objectsBerkeleys master argument Idealism and GodThinking harder: idealism and the cause of our perceptions Issues with Berkeleys idealism Problems with the role played by God in Berkeleys idealismArguments from illusion and hallucinationIdealism leads to solipsismKey points: Berkeleys idealism Summary: perception as a source of knowledge III. Reason as a source of knowledge Rationalism, empiricism and innatismA priori/a posteriori knowledgeAnalytic/synthetic propositionsNecessary/contingent truthDefining rationalism, empiricism and innatismKey points: rationalism, empiricism and innatismA. InnatismTwo arguments for innate knowledgePlatos slave boy argumentLeibniz on knowledge of necessary truthsLockes arguments against innate knowledgeLeibnizs response to Locke Thinking harder: experience triggers innate knowledge Alternative empiricist accounts Lockes argument against innate conceptsRejecting Lockes definition of innate conceptLeibnizs defence of innate concepts The mind as a tabula rasa Lockes two sources of concepts Hume on impressions and ideas Simple and complex concepts Issues with the empiricist theory of conceptsThinking harder: challenging the copy principle Leibniz on intellectual ideas Thinking harder: the concept of substance DiscussionKey points: innatismB. The intuition and deduction thesis Rationalism and empiricism revisitedThe meaning of intuition and deduction Empiricist alternativesHumes forkDescartes theory of rational intuitionThe cogitoClear and distinct ideasEmpiricist responses to the cogitoClear and distinct ideas and GodDescartes Trademark argumentThinking harder: degrees of realityEmpiricist responses to the Trademark argumentDescartes cosmological argumentEmpiricist responses to Descartes cosmological argumentDescartes ontological argumentEmpiricist responses to Descartes ontological argumentDescartes proof of the external worldThe concept of a physical objectThinking harder: The existence of physical objectsEmpiricist responses to Descartes proof of the external worldKey points: the intuition and deduction thesis Summary: reason as a source of knowledge IV. The limits of knowledge A. Philosophical scepticism The particular nature of philosophical scepticismAm I a brain in a vat?The distinction between philosophical scepticism and normal incredulity Local and global scepticismDescartes sceptical argumentsKey points: philosophical scepticismB. Responses to scepticism Descartes own responseEmpiricist responsesThinking harder: Direct realismThinking harder: ReliabilismKey points: responses to scepticismSummary: the limits of knowledge3 Moral Philosophy I. Normative ethical theories A. Utilitarianism Benthams quantitative hedonistic utilitarianism The Principle of Utility Measuring Pleasure and Pain Mill on utilitarianismMills qualitative hedonistic utilitarianismIs pleasure the only good? Smart on hedonistic and non-hedonistic utilitarianismNozicks experience machinePreference utilitarianism Mills proof of utilitarianismStage 1: Happiness is goodStage 2: Only happiness is goodIssues for (act) utilitarianism Problems with calculation Fairness, individual liberty and rights Partiality Moral integrity and the individuals intentions Rule utilitarianism Smart on rule utilitarianismRule utilitarianism developedObjections Key points: utilitarianismB. Kantian deontological ethics DeontologyKants account of the good will and duty The good willThe distinction between acting in accordance with duty and acting out of dutyThinking harder: The good will againThe categorical imperativeHypothetical and categorical imperativesThinking harder: Contradiction in conception and contradiction in willThe second formulation of the Categorical Imperative Issues for Kantian deontological ethics Universalisability and morality Conflicts between dutiesThe view that consequences of actions determine their moral value Morality is a system of hypothetical imperatives The value of certain motives Key points: Kantian deontological ethics C. Aristotelian virtue ethics The good for human beingsEudaimonia Final ends The function argument Testing the analysis Thinking harder: the rational soulAristotles account of virtuesVirtues as character traits Virtues, the doctrine of the mean and the importance of feelings The role of education in the development of a moral character Practical wisdom The role of practical wisdom The relation between practical wisdom, virtue and action Key points: Aristotelian virtue ethics (I) Eudaimonia, pleasure and philosophyEudaimonia and pleasureEudaimonia and philosophyVoluntary action, choice and moral responsibilityVoluntary and involuntary actions Choice and deliberation Thinking harder: moral responsibilityJusticeIssues for Aristotelian virtue ethics Guidance on how to act Conflicts between virtues The possibility of circularity involved in defining virtuous acts andvirtuous people in terms of each other Thinking harder: Virtue and eudaimoniaKey points: Aristotelian virtue ethics (II) Summary: normative ethical theoriesII. Applied ethics StealingUtilitarianism Kantian deontology Aristotelian virtue ethics Eating animals Utilitarianism Kantian deontology Aristotle, Diamond and virtue ethics Simulated killing Playing the killer An audiences perspective Telling lies Utilitarianism Kantian deontology Aristotelian virtue ethics Key points: applied ethics Summary: applied ethics III. Metaethics What is metaethics?The origins of moral principles: reason, emotion/attitudes, or societyThe distinction between cognitivism and non-cognitivismKey points: The distinction between cognitivism and non-cognitivism A. Moral realism From cognitivism to moral realism Moral naturalism Utilitarianism as naturalism Thinking harder: naturalism in virtue ethics Moral non-naturalism: Moores intuitionismThe naturalistic fallacy The open question argumentThinking harder: is the naturalistic fallacy a real fallacy? IntuitionismObjectionsIssues for moral realismA J Ayers verification principleThe argument from Humes forkHumes argument from motivationHumes is-ought gapMackies argument from relativityMackies arguments from queernessKey points: moral realism B. Moral anti-realism Error theoryNon-cognitivism and moral anti-realismEmotivismEmotivism and subjectivismAyers defenceEmotivism after Ayer PrescriptivismPrescriptive meaningGoodMoral language Issues for moral anti-realismCan moral anti-realism account for how we use moral language?Thinking harder: disagreement and moral argument Whether moral anti-realism becomes moral nihilismMoral progress Key points: moral anti-realism Metaethics and applied ethicsSummary: metaethics 4 Preparing for the exam The examination The structure of the exam Assessment objectives Understanding the question: giving the examiners what they are looking for Short-answer questions Nine-mark questions Fifteen-mark questions Revision: its more than memory Exam technique: getting the best result you can Revision tips Exam tips Glossary (with Joanne Lovesey) Index by syllabus content Subject index Review Michael Lacewing writes in an engaging way and really brings the A-Level philosophy syllabus to life; he focuses not only on the content but on the philosophical method itself. An essential read for any A-Level philosophy student.Cressida Tweed, teacher of philosophy at Woodhouse College and Lead philosophy tutor at the National Extension college, UK. Long Description Philosophy for AS and A Level and Philosophy for A Level are the Routledge textbooks for the new 2017 AQA AS and A Level Philosophy syllabus. Structured closely around the AQA specification these textbooks cover epistemology, moral philosophy, metaphysics of God and metaphysics of mind in an engaging and student-friendly way. These new and dynamic textbooks include illustrations throughout as well as argument maps that help develop student s analytical and critical skills. All of the set texts are explained, commented on and woven into the discussion of the syllabus. With chapters on how to do philosophy and exam preparation, as well as practice exam questions, these textbooks provide students with all they need to know to succeed. " Review Quote Michael Lacewing writes in an engaging way and really brings the A-Level philosophy syllabus to life; he focuses not only on the content but on the philosophical method itself. An essential read for any A-Level philosophy student. Cressida Tweed, teacher of philosophy at Woodhouse College and Lead philosophy tutor at the National Extension college, UK. Details ISBN1138690392 Year 2017 ISBN-10 1138690392 ISBN-13 9781138690394 Format Paperback Imprint Routledge Place of Publication London Country of Publication United Kingdom Author Michael Lacewing Publisher Taylor & Francis Ltd Subtitle Epistemology and Moral Philosophy Media Book DEWEY 100 Publication Date 2017-06-13 Pages 458 Illustrations 58 Line drawings, black and white; 31 Halftones, black and white Affiliation Heythrop College, University of London, UK Short Title Philosophy for AS and a Level Language English UK Release Date 2017-06-13 AU Release Date 2017-06-13 NZ Release Date 2017-06-13 Audience Age 17-18 Alternative 9781138436671 Audience A / AS level We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! TheNile_Item_ID:135991602;

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